Key EU Facts...
   
1963 Van Gend en Loos ECJ has right to decide whether Community Law or national law prevails.
   
1964 Cost v Enal European Law takes precedence over national law.
   
1974 Van Duyn v Home Office Principle of direct applicabilityÖ
  Citizens can rely directly on an article of the Treaty of Rome which confers
  rights on individuals.
   
1986 Marshall v Southampton A.H.A. Vertical effect of directivesÖ
  In an action against the state an individual can rely on a directive which
  has not been implemented.
   
1991 Francovich v Italy. Individual can claim compensation from the state for its failure to implement
  a directive.
   
1996 Factortame No 4. State liable to compensate for breaches of Community law.